Everything about The Archbishop Of Mainz totally explained
The
Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular
prince in the
Holy Roman Empire between
780–
82 and
1802. In Church hierarchy, the Archbishop of Mainz was the
primas Germaniae, the substitute of the Pope north of the Alps. Aside from Rome, the See of Mainz is the only other see referred to as a "Holy See", although this usage has become rather less common.
This archbishopric was a substantial
ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The ecclesiastical principality included lands near
Mainz on both the left and right banks of the
Rhine, as well as territory along the
Main above
Frankfurt (including the district of
Aschaffenburg), the
Eichsfeld region in Lower Saxony and Thuringia, and the territory around
Erfurt in
Thuringia. The archbishop was also, traditionally, one of the Imperial
Prince-Electors, the
Arch-chancellor of
Germany, and presiding officer of the
electoral college technically from
1251 and permanently from
1263 until
1803.
History
The
see was established in
ancient Roman times, in the city of
Mainz, which had been a Roman
provincial capital called Moguntiacum, but the office really came to prominence upon its elevation to an
archdiocese in 780/82. The first bishops before the
4th century have legendary names, beginning with
Crescens. The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Martinus in
343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of Mainz dates from the accession of St.
Boniface to the see in
747. Boniface was previously an archbishop, but the honor didn't immediately devolve upon the see itself until his successor Lullus.
In
1802, Mainz lost its archiepiscopal character. In the secularizations that accompanied the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of
1803, the seat of the elector,
Karl Theodor von Dalberg, was moved to
Regensburg, and the electorate lost its left bank territories to
France, its right bank areas along the Main below Frankfurt to
Hesse-Darmstadt and the
Nassau princes, and Eichsfeld and Erfurt to
Prussia. Dalberg retained the Aschaffenburg area however, and when the Holy Roman Empire finally came to an end in
1806, this became the core of Dalberg's new
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt. Dalberg resigned in
1813 and in
1815 the
Congress of Vienna divided his territories between the King of
Bavaria, the Elector of
Hesse-Kassel, the Grand Duke of
Hesse-Darmstadt and the
Free City of
Frankfurt.
The modern
Diocese of Mainz was founded in 1802, within the territory of
France and in
1814 its jurisdiction was extended over the territory of Hesse-Darmstadt. Since then it has had two
cardinals and via various
concordats was allowed to retain the mediæval tradition of the
cathedral chapter electing a successor to the
bishop.
Bishops and archbishops
==
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